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- <text id=92TT2453>
- <title>
- Nov. 02, 1992: Europe's Future:Go West, Old Man
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Nov. 02, 1992 Bill Clinton's Long March
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 78
- Europe's Future: Go West, Old Man
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Charles Krauthammer
- </p>
- <p> When the ground began shaking under East Germany more than
- three years ago, the race was on between the unification of
- Germany and the unification of Western Europe. Last month the
- results came in. Germany won.
- </p>
- <p> West European unification was premised on the cold war: a
- divided Europe and a diminished (West) Germany held within the
- bounds of a deep, strong, European union. Given time, this might
- have come about. Had the cold war persisted another decade or
- so, a federal Western Europe might have been established in the
- shelter, as it were, of the Berlin Wall.
- </p>
- <p> But the Wall came down and time ran out. The new Germany
- became preoccupied with the task of absorbing the east.
- Moreover, the new Germany grew too large to be swallowed by a
- federal Europe. The Maastricht treaty, the penultimate stop on
- the road to a federal Europe, was a last-ditch attempt to deny
- that reality.
- </p>
- <p> Last month denial became impossible. Europe's
- exchange-rate mechanism exploded, and somewhere in the rubble
- lies Maastricht. What happened? The ERM tied E.C. currencies to
- the German mark. But much of Europe -- notably Britain and Italy
- -- was unable to keep up. The German central bank had jacked up
- interest rates to dampen the inflation caused by huge deficit
- spending on eastern Germany. The weaker E.C. countries had a
- choice: a) match Germany's high interest rates and risk both
- deep recession and political suicide; or b) drop out of the ERM.
- Not surprisingly, they chose b).
- </p>
- <p> Amid the chaos of the currency crisis, it became clear
- that German political vision is as yet no match for its
- economic dynamism. Germany is Europe's de facto leader, but will
- not act the part. As Americans have learned to their constant
- chagrin, leadership means sacrificing some measure of national
- interest to the greater alliance interest. Germany knows that
- its interest rates set the standard for the rest of Europe. By
- setting its rates ruinously high, Germany was announcing that
- in fighting domestic inflation it was quite prepared to lead the
- rest of Europe into recession. The rest of Europe has just
- announced that it will not be so led.
- </p>
- <p> After the ERM debacle, it is clear that the grand vision
- of a federal Europe is an illusion. What then does Europe do?
- </p>
- <p> Do more of what it does best: free trade. The E.C.'s
- single-market project will soon allow the virtual free flow of
- capital, goods and labor within the Twelve. Speaking last month
- in Washington, Margaret Thatcher made the case for a rapid
- widening of the single market. First, east to its European
- neighbors. And then boldly west -- to North America.
- </p>
- <p> Free trade between Europe and America has been bruited
- about before. It was raised by National Security Adviser Brent
- Scowcroft, unfortunately without result. But with the fading of
- visions of a federal Europe, it acquires a new urgency. Today,
- two potentially antagonistic trade blocs are going up on both
- sides of the Atlantic. The U.S. is afraid that a Fortress Europe
- will shut its trade doors. Europe looks warily at the budding
- North American Free Trade Agreement, which would create a
- trading zone demographically larger than the E.C.
- </p>
- <p> A transatlantic free-trade area merging the two would not
- just prevent a trade war and increase prosperity on both sides
- of the Atlantic. It would have a profound global effect. As
- Thatcher pointed out, Europe and North America together account
- for more than half of world GNP. They would dictate the terms
- of the world economy. Given the fact that at the core of the
- transatlantic union would be America, Britain and other
- free-market countries, it could dictate a world of free trade.
- </p>
- <p> Why is that good? Because common markets make not only for
- general prosperity but also for the kind of comity and
- nonbelligerency that flow naturally from uncoerced commercial
- relations. Moreover, a transatlantic free-trade zone would
- signal Japan that if it had thoughts of creating a rival Asian
- bloc or did not modify its predatory drive for market dominance,
- it might find itself shut out of the new world economic order.
- </p>
- <p> Almost 50 years ago, another deposed British Tory Prime
- Minister journeyed from Britain to America to propose union with
- America. The major -- and forgotten -- point of Churchill's Iron
- Curtain speech was his call for a "fraternal association of the
- English-speaking peoples," an association so close between
- America and the British Empire that "eventually there may come
- the principle of common citizenship."
- </p>
- <p> President Truman responded with a looser but wider idea,
- an alliance not just with Britain but with all of Western
- Europe. The result was NATO, America's first ever peacetime
- alliance and arguably the most successful alliance in history.
- </p>
- <p> Today again there is need for alliance, not military this
- time but economic. The threat is not the Soviet empire but
- growing economic nationalism and protectionism threatening 50
- years of unparalleled world prosperity. The answer is a
- transatlantic pact, a free-trade zone embracing like-minded,
- market-oriented, democratic peoples stretching ultimately from
- Vancouver to Vladivostok.
- </p>
- <p> Political union is a project best left to our children.
- Perhaps by their time, differences of language, that engine of
- nationalism, will have lost their salience. A world speaking in
- Macintosh icons -- a world in which video has rendered language
- obsolete -- may come to see its political divisions as archaic
- and encumbering as did the American states of 1789.
- </p>
- <p> Tomorrow, Utopia. Today, a more modest goal: a
- Transatlantic Free Trade Zone.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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